Following a Lancastrian victory at Bosworth Field, Henry’s first action was to secure his hang on the Crown. Henry’s claim that they can the kingship was that he was the final reasonably legitimate male descendant of Edward III.The Early Reign of Henry VIIHenry also honoured the pledge he had produced in December, 1483, when he promised to marry Elizabeth of York. Henry and Elizabeth were married on January 18, 1486 in Westminster Abbey. The marriage of Henry and Elizabeth served to unify the House of York and the House of Lancaster and gave Henry’s children a powerful claim to the crown. However, there was still much paranoia and suspicion following a end of the War from the Roses and any nobles descended in the House of Plantagenet were regarded with suspicion and accused of having designs around the throne. The unification of the home of York and the House of Lancaster also put to rest the question of set up kids of the Duke of York or even the Duke of Lancaster had a stronger claim to the English throne. At the same time, Henry repealed the Tituslus Regulus that were passed by Parliament, legitimizing the children of Edward IV. Some historians declare that Henry had been involved in the murder of Edward V and also the Duke of York, the so-called Princes in the Tower. It’s been argued the repeal from the Titulus Reguls would have given Edward V a greater claim that they can the Crown than Henry’s and that Henry had Edward killed as a result. However, there is little change evidence to aid this theory. Additionally, it’s been argued that Henry couldn’t have made his pledge to marry Elizabeth of York, unless he believed that Edward V had been dead.The second action Henry popularized secure his hold on the Crown was to retroactively declare himself King of England, yesterday the Battle of Bosworth Field. By doing this, Henry ensured that anyone who had fought for Richard III could be faced with treason. This allowed Henry to confiscate the estates of Richard III, while restoring their own. Simultaneously, Henry also spared the life span of Richard’s heir, the Earl of Lincoln and made Margaret Plantagent, a Yorkist sympathizer, the Countess of Salisbury. Henry also made a point of not addressing the barons or Parliament until after his coronation. Henry also issued a royal edict stating that any noble who swore loyalty to Henry would be permitted to keep their lands and titles, regardless of their previous political affiliations.Henry could secure his hang on the throne mainly by undermining the nobility through the use of bonds and recognizance. Also, he issued royal decrees against livery and maintenance. This restricted the amount of male servants that may be utilized by the nobility and prevented them from wearing their lord’s badge or uniform. By issuing these decrees, Henry hoped to prevent the nobles from forming their very own private armies.Uprisings During the Reign of Henry VIIDuring the initial few years of his reign, Henry’s rule was threatened by a number of rebellions and uprisings. Among them was the Stafford and Lovell Rebellion, which collapsed without bloodshed in 1486.The following year, the Earl of Lincoln led a Yorkist uprising in support of Lambert Simnel, who claimed to become the Earl of Warwick, the son of the Duke of Clarence. Henry pay the rebellion in the Battle of Stoke. The Earl of Lincoln was killed during the battle and Simnel became a servant in the royal kitchen. In 1490, another pretender emerged, named Perkin Warbeck. Warbeck claimed to be the Duke of York; the brother of Edward V. Warbeck quickly won the support of Margaret of Burgundy, Edward’s sister. With Margaret’s backing, Warbeck invaded Ireland in 1491. In 1495, he Cheap Uggs attempted an invasion of England. Annually later, Warbeck was able to persuade James IV, the King of Scotland to launch a second invasion of England. In 1497, Warbeck landed in Cornwall with several thousand troops. However, not long after he came ashore, Warbeck was captured and set to death. In 1499, Henry had Uggs On Sale Lambert Simmel executed. In an act of clemency, Henry spared his sister, who survived until 1541 when she was executed by Henry VIII.Henry VII is usually accepted as being a financially prudent monarch who restored the soundness from the virtually bankrupt Cheap Ugg Boots English economy. He did this by introducing ruthlessly efficient methods of taxation. Henry was supported in this endeavour by his Royal Chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, who introduced a catch-22 approach to taxation that became referred to as Morton’s Fork, for making certain the English nobility paid its taxes. The royal administration was also reformed which led to the introduction of the King’s Council which was meant to keep the nobility in line.The aim of Henry’s policies ended up being to restore political and economic stability to England and to an extent Henry is undoubtedly being successful in accomplishing this goal. Henry was not a soldier coupled with little interest in attempting to regain the territories that were lost by his predecessors in foreign adventures. Instead Henry signed the Treaty of Etaples which stipulated that the King of France ended up being to pay Henry an annual tribute and that in france they would not support pretenders or usurpers of the English throne.English Foreign Relations During the R eign of Henry VIIIn 1489, Henry VII signed the Treaty of Medina del Campo, becoming among the first European monarchs to acknowledge the recently unified Kingdom of Spain. Among the the treaty was the wedding of Henry’s oldest son, Arthur, the Prince of Wales to Catherine of Aragon. Henry also signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Scotland. The Treaty of Perpetual Peace was the very first peace treaty to become signed through the Kings of England and Scotland since the reign of Edward Longshanks, a lot more than Two centuries earlier. As with the Treaty of Medina del Campo, the Treaty of Perpetual Peace called for the wedding of Henry’s daughter, Margaret Tudor to James IV, the King of Scotland. Henry hoped the marriage would break the so-call Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. Although Henry was not successful in accomplishing this aim, the marriage eventually resulted in the union of the English and Scottish thrones under the reign of Margaret’s great-grandson, James I. Throughout the same period Henry formed an alliance with Maximilian I, the Holy Roman Emperor and succeeded in convincing Pope Innocent VIII to issue a Papal Bull with the excommunication of pretenders to Henry’s crown.In 1496, Henry signed the Magnus Intercursus, or even the Great Agreement. In 1494, Henry had imposed an embargo on the wool trade with the Netherlands in retaliation for Burgundian support of the English pretender Perkin Warbeck. Simultaneously the Flemish merchants were expelled from England. The stand-off eventually paid off for Henry when all the parties active in the dispute realized that these were in a mutual disadvantage because of the trade embargo. Lifting the embargo proved to be an advantage for the English economy. The removal of the embargo eased the speed of taxation for English merchants. Simultaneously, Amsterdam became one of Europe’s most important trading centres. Use the Baltic, spices from Asia and silk from Italy counseled me traded in Amsterdam for English cloth.In 1506, Henry forced Philip the Handsome, the Duke of Burgundy, into filling out the Treaty of Windsor. The Duke of Burgundy have been shipwrecked from the coast of England and Henry bullied him into signing the treaty, which unfairly favoured England. The Treaty of Windsor was called the Malus Intercursus, or the Evil Agreement, and proved to be unenforceable because it was opposed by France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire and the Hanseatic League.SourcesAshley, Mike. British Queens and kings. Robinson: London.1998.

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